Spending a lot of time sitting? Whether you use a wheelchair or a supportive chair for extended periods, it’s important to understand the risks of pressure ulcers—and how to prevent them. This easy-to-read guide, part of the Get Wise series from the British Healthcare Trades Association (BHTA), is designed for everyday users and carers (not medical professionals), offering practical advice to stay safe and comfortable.
What Are Pressure Ulcers?
Pressure ulcers (also called bedsores or pressure sores) are areas of damaged skin and tissue caused by prolonged pressure or friction. They develop when the skin and soft tissues are squeezed between a bone and a surface—like a chair or wheelchair seat—for too long without relief.
You don’t have to be ill to get one—anyone is potentially at risk.
Common Risk Factors Include:
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Age or reduced mobility
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Medical conditions like diabetes or poor circulation
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Nutritional deficiencies
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Certain medications
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Continence issues
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Inappropriate seating or support surfaces
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Moisture and temperature
Why Sitting Posture Matters
Even when sitting upright in a stable chair, pressure isn’t spread evenly. Here’s how pressure is typically distributed:
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75% through the buttocks and thighs
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19% through the feet
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4% through the backrest
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2% through arm supports
That means the majority of pressure is focused under the seated area—exactly where ulcers are most likely to form.
Poor posture can increase pressure on certain areas, making ulcers more likely. That’s why posture, seating, and pressure relief work hand-in-hand.
Who’s Most at Risk?
Some people are more vulnerable to developing pressure ulcers, particularly if they experience:
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Neurological conditions affecting movement
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Limited or no active movement
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Postural challenges or changes in body shape/weight
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Reduced sensory awareness, making it harder to notice pain or discomfort
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Communication difficulties, preventing them from telling someone they’re uncomfortable
Signs to Watch Out For
Early warning signs of a pressure ulcer include:
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Skin that’s discoloured and doesn’t lighten when pressed
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A warm, spongy, or firm patch of skin
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Pain, itchiness, or unusual sensations in one area
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Red or purple marks (especially on lighter skin) or bluish/purplish tones on darker skin
If untreated, a pressure ulcer can progress from mild surface damage to deep wounds reaching muscles or even bone.
How Pressure Ulcers Affect Your Life
Pressure ulcers can seriously impact your well-being:
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Physically – causing pain, infection, or mobility issues
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Emotionally and socially – reducing confidence and quality of life
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Financially – from extra care needs or equipment
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Psychologically and spiritually – they can be distressing and isolating
That’s why prevention is far better than cure.
How to Reduce the Risk
🪑 Choose the right seat or wheelchair – with pressure-relieving cushions and correct sizing
🧍 Move regularly – even small shifts in position can relieve pressure
🕒 Reposition often – follow a routine for pressure relief if you can’t move independently
👀 Check your skin daily – or ask a carer to help
💧 Stay hydrated and nourished – skin health is tied to your diet
📞 Get professional advice – speak to a BHTA-accredited supplier for expert help
👉 Read the full BHTA guide to pressure ulcer prevention in sitting
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